44

• Caesar makes preparations for a war in Parthia.
• Assassination of Caesar.
• Mark Antony enters negotiations with assassins in Rome. Riots in Rome suppressed by Antony.
• Octavius adopted by will (not ratified until 43).
• Assassins leave Rome, and later leave Italy
• Octavian returns to Italy to take up his legacy.
• Relations between Antony and the faction of the assassins worsens. Antony takes control of the Dalmatian legions and transfer the army  to Italy (early October).
• Antony arranges for the provinces to be redistributed and takes  Cisalpine Gaul as a province.
• Cicero speaks against Antony (from September)
• Antony raises troops and collect Macedonian legions from Brundisium.
• Octavian raises veteran forces and marches on Rome. Coup fails.
• Antony marches on Decimus Brutus.
• Two legions defect to Octavian.

43

• Hirtius and Pansa appointed consuls.
• Cicero intensifies attacks on Antony
• Antony declared a public enemy.
• Assassins raise troops and campaign in the East.
• Armies of Hirtius, Pansa, and Octavian advance on Mutina where D. Brutus is besieged. Antony is defeated (April).
• Lepidus joins Antony (May)
• Octavian marches on Rome. Octavian and Antony are reconciled by Lepidus. Resistance to Octavian and Antony crumbles in Italy, Gaul, Spain, and Africa.
• Octavian Consul.
• Creation of the triumvirate (November 27th)
• Proscriptions.
• Death of Cicero (December)

42

• Philippi and the defeat of the assassins (October).
• Death of Brutus and Cassius41

• Antony meets Cleopatra at Tarsus.
• Antony campaigns in the East and restores Roman control over the Levant
• Octavian begins settlement of troops in colonies in Italy; disruptions in Italy and Rome.
• Quarrels of Octavian, L. Antonius and Fulvia degenerate into armed conflict
• Perusine War

40

•  Fall of Perusia
•  Antony invades Italy. War in the area of Brundisium. Soldiers refuse to fight and bring about peace.
•  Death of  of Fulvia
• Marriage of Antony and Octavia.
• Reconciliation with Pompeius.
• Antony and Octavian rule in Rome.

39

• Treaty of Misenum with Pompeius.
• Antony returns to the East to resume war with Parthia.
• Julia, daughter of Octavian, born.

38

• War resumes with Pompeius.
• Octavian defeated in battle and his fleet destroyed.
• Pompeius starts to behave as if Neptune.
• Antony campaigns in the East.

37

• Continuation of war against Pompeius.

36

• Pompeius defeated by Agrippa at Mylae. Agrippa, Lepidus and Octavian land on Sicily and defeat Pompeius, who flees to the East.
• Octavian quarrels with Lepidus whose army defects. Mutiny of Octavian’s troops suppressed.
• Antony defeated in Parthia.
• Octavian celebrates victory in Rome; more honours granted to Octavian and Antony.

35

• Death of Sextus Pompeius.
• Octavian campaigns in Illyria and Pannonia.
• Antony campaigns in Armenia.
• Statues voted for Livia and Octavia.

34

• Antony victorious in Armenia.
• Octavian campaigns in Dalmatia.
• Donations of Alexandria

33

• Octavian consul.
• Relations between Antony and Octavian worsen.
• Agrippa aedile in Rome. Programme of civic improvements.

32

• The consuls speak against Antony in the Senate. Octavian responds. The consuls flee to Antony.
• Defections from Antony bring news that Antony’s will was deposited with Vestals in Rome.
• After the will is read, Antony is declared a public enemy.
• War in the Adriatic.

31

• War of Actium (September)
• Defections from Antony and Cleopatra.

30

• War in Egypt.
• Antony and Cleopatra kill themselves. (August 1st/August 12th)

 

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