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Timeline: Republic

  • 753                  Traditional date for the foundation of Rome.
  • 509                  Foundation of the Republic
  • c. 500 – c. 287 Conflict between plebeians and patricians (struggle of the orders).
  • 280-70             Pyrrhic War: Rome completes conquest of peninsular Italy.
  • 264-41            First Punic War
  • 218-201          Second Punic (Hannibalic) War
  • 149-46            Third Punic War
  • 133                  Tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus.
  • 124                  First tribunate of Gaius Gracchus.
  • 123                  Second tribunate of Gaius Gracchus.
  • 112–106         War with Jugurtha.
  • 107                  First consulship of Gaius Marius.
  • 106                  Birth of Cicero.
  • 105                  Roman defeat at Arausio.
  • 104                  Second consulship of Gaius Marius.
  • 103                  Third consulship of Gaius Marius.
  • 102                  Fourth consulship of Gaius Marius.
    Defeat of the German tribes at Aix-en-Provence.
  • 101                 Fifth consulship of Gaius Marius.
    Defeat of German tribes at Vercellae.
  • 100                 Sixth consulship of Gaius Marius.
    Birth of Julius Caesar.
    Repression of the tribune Saturninus.
  • 90–89            Social War.
  • 88                  Consulship of Cornelius Sulla.
    Sulla’s march on Rome.
  • 87                  Marius’ march on Rome.
  • 86                  Seventh consulship of Gaius Marius.
    Death of Marius.
  • 84                  Sulla’s return to Italy. Outbreak of civil war.
  • 82                  Battle of the Colline Gate. Defeat of Marian forces in Italy.
  • 80                  Sulla steps down from office.
  • 78                 “Revolt” of Marcus Lepidus.
    Pompey sent to Spain to fight Sertorius.
  • 73–71            Revolt of Spartacus.
  • 70                  Consulship of Pompey and Crassus.
  • 67                  Pirate war fought by Pompey.
  • 66–62            Pompey in the East.
  • 63                  Consulship of Cicero.
    Conspiracy of Catilina.
    Birth of Gaius Octavius (later to become Augustus) (September 23).
  • 60                  Consulship of Julius Caesar. Formation of the alliance between Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar.
  • 59–49            Caesar in Gaul.
  • 58–57            Exile of Cicero.
  • 53                  Violence between Clodius and Milo.
    Death of Crassus at the battle of Carrhae.
  • 52                  Death of Clodius.
    Burning of the senate house.
    Sole consulship of Pompey.
  • 49                 Caesar crosses the Rubicon, sparking a resumption of civil war.
  • 48                 Caesar defeats Pompey at the battle of Pharsalus.
    Caesar appointed dictator.
    Death of Pompey.
  • 47                Caesar in Egypt. Liaison with Cleopatra VII.
  • 46                Victory at Utica in North Africa.
  • 45                Caesar defeats Pompey’s sons at Munda in Spain.
    Caesar returns to Italy.
  • 44                Caesar assassinated (March 15).
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